Keeping and Holding
West Papua for NKRI
(Author: Aneu Fuji Lestarie)
Introduction
This
paper argues that West Papua should remain in Indonesia
because of two reasons: Historical
aspect and the prosperity of West Papua.
In term of historical aspect, 1 October 1962 the Dutch in West Irian
over the Papua region to PBB pass trough PBB beyond UNTEA until 1 Mei
1963. Then Nederland’s flag changes by
Indonesia’s flag and PBB’s flag. Actually since the beginning, West Papuan
population is already a “big family” inhabited
archipelago which later merged and formed
the Republic of Indonesia, and West
Papua's position becomes
more certain after the holding of
the PEPERA in 1969 which the results
show that West Papua is a united of Indonesian. Because of History is
an excellent indicator of things to come, we
must learn the facts about it may lead to a revolution in one’s thinking. When
we learn about information that has been withheld from us, it may lead us to
wonder what else has been withheld.
For the prosperity of West Papua, If Papua
split persisted, Papua becomes to the small country. Then it is very easy to
other countries for colonizing, dredge and oppresses the people of West
Papua. West Papua
is a region for economic
potential in Indonesia. Natural
Resources (SDA) is so abundant, such as gold, tin, and copper. Before 1945, many countries were
invaded West Papua only to drain wealth and resources in the region, one of the
really does not want Papua region become a part of NKRI is Netherland.
However, the conflict in West Papua
began when many countries want to control of the region because of
Papua’s wealth. They
affect the territory of Papua for independence and secede from Indonesia. Besides that, the
MNCs (Multinational Corporation) integrate Papua’s markets, such as in 1965 PT.
Freeport cooperation with Indonesia and Beyond Petroleum operating in
Indonesia for more than 35 years.
These are the causes behind all the conflict in West Papua. BP took over power in West Papua and
take advantage of
the abundant natural resources
in West Papua with the cheating that it has made. Beside that BP gave financial assistance to three important sections
in Papua are OPM, Military, and Police to
make them believe
and cover the fraud
that he has made.
With that incident, West Papua wants to be independence and separated with Indonesia.
The
reason of Papua should
remain united with Indonesia
The first reason is about historical
aspect. Beginning at XVI century,
some Spanish sailors such as Antonio de Abreu and Franscesco Serano in
1511-1521 called the West Papua region
with the name “Os Papuas” or “Ilha de Papoe”, in the range of 1526-1527 Don
jorge de menezes also briefly visited Papua and provide the name Papua, he
knows of Ferdinand scribe trip Magelhans 1521 - 1522 using the vessel
“Victoria” which the captain is Juan Sebastian Del Cano, but Tidore called it
by Papo oa or Pua pua which means that
‘rambut keriting’.
20 June 1545, Ynigo Ortiz de Retes (Spaniarg) sailed from
Tidore to Panama
by “San Juan” ship. He had
reached Sarmi
(Bier) at
the mouth of Mamberamo river.
Then, he provides the
name of the island of
Papua with Nueva Guinea and he claimed
it as the king of
Spain own.
He gave that name because the
population of New Guinea
has black skin. Then Nueva
Guinee becomes New Guinea (Nederland language). In 1956, the Dutch changed the
name Niew Guinea becomes Nederlands Niew Guinea.
In 1961, Papua National Committee
set the name of West Papua. During the administration of PBB (UNTEA), it used
two names are West New Guinea or West Irian. Indonesia still use West
Irian On May 1, 1963, West Irian was officially a territory of NKRI on the
terms of the New York Agreement, signed August 15, 1962. Generally, Irian
used in 1 May 1963 by Sukarno as West Irian and on 1 March 1973 Soeharto
changed it become Irian Jaya. Then, in
2000 it changed by West Papua until now.
History of Western New Guinea in relation to a part
of the Republic of Indonesia is very unique. Although Papua “a little late”
internationally recognized as part of Republic of Indonesia, but actually since the beginning Papuan population is already a “big family”
inhabited archipelago which later merged and
formed the State of Indonesia. So, when Papua broke away
from Indonesian, the struggle of Indonesia during to
fight Papua from
foreign countries will vain. Along with the history
of all the heroes
involved it was becoming meaningless. The first step of free movement in Indonesia
began in 1908.
Budi Utomo was a youth organization founded by Dr.
Soetomo and students STOVIA ie Mangoenkoesoemo and Soeraji Gunawan on May 20th
1908. Activity initiated by Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. These organizations are
social, economic, and cultural but not political. Founding of Budi Utomo became
the first movement aimed to achieve independence Indonesia, although at that
time the organization was originally intended only for the educated classes of
Java. From Budi Utomo after twenty years
later the youth pledge was born and creates the independence of Indonesia.
It was continued
with second youth congress on October 28th, 1928. The Youth Congress
is Congress which held and attended by young people from all over the
Netherlands East Indies. The aim of that
congress is to make the whole of Indonesian youth become united to create the
freedom of Indonesia the desire of Papuan to
unity with Indonesia has emerged since the implementation of the “Sumpah
Pemuda”, October 28, 1928.
Unfortunately, there are people who think that Sumpah Pemuda not
attended by Papuan youth. This is wrong, because on the contrary, the Papuan
Youth present and vowed with the other youth regions. Poreu Ohee is one of the
Papuan youth who were present at that time.
The Dutch handed over the territory of West New
Guinea to the PBB through the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
(UNTEA) on October 1, 1962 until May 1, 1963. After that date, the Dutch flag
was lowered and replaced with Merah Putih and PBB. Furthermore, PBB designed an agreement known
as the “New York Agreement” to provide an opportunity for the people of West
Irian polled by PEPERA in 1969, which represented 175 people as a messenger of
the eight districts. The results show
that the people of West Irian agreed to unite with Indonesian government.
The second is the prosperity of papua. In the research of Pieter King and John Wing,
the population of Papua from year- to -year were decline it because several
factors: KB program, maternal mortality , alcoholism and HIV / AIDS ,
transmigration programs, which has implications for a systematic process of
ethnic cleansing ( genocide ). From the “Centre
for Peace and Conflict Studies” , Sydney University in Australia there is a
systematic movement which involved Indonesian government that led to the
genocide action ( Act of Genocide ) of the people in West Papua .
In the “GENOCIDE
IN WEST PAPUA” book, recorded daily approximately 300 the illegal people who entry
to the West Papua from Indonesia by use air and sea transportation and many
people want to dominate the West Papua, these are big problem for Papuan because
they will be shoved aside in their own homeland as the case of the Indians in
America and Aboriginal nations in Australia who knocked out and shoved aside in
their own homeland.
However, West Papua conflict became big problem when
MNC’s integrate the Papua’s market.
Freeport and Beyond Petroleum make the conflict in Papua. In Eben research, BP pitting the Indonesian
with Papuan in order to Papua want to be separated from Indonesia. Many murder between Police and
militaries. However, Eben did not
explain Freeport more because Eben is American, so he only showed that behind
of the conflict in West Papua was from Beyond Petroleum.
West Papua
not truly independence if separated from Indonesia. If Papua
split persisted, Papua become to the small country. Then it is very easy to
other countries to colonizes, dredge and oppress the people of Papua. Again,
people become victims. Look East Timor, South Sudan, after
the rupture that occurred invaders so
easy to enter and make new colonies.
Papua has
become a colony
of the pre-independence and
also after the
formation of
the OPM in
1965. Besides that,
Papua had been
the bone of contention states that greedy for
wealth. Such as
Japan and the
Netherlands, they
were willing
to fight
for control of the
West Papua region. But on 9
Mei 1944, Japanese
commanders surrender and withdraw from West New Guinea. A Dutch appeal to offer
resistance to the Japanese is followed by many local leaders throughout West
New Guinea. In a couple of months the people chase away or kill all the
Japanese in their regions. So, if Papua
remain in Indonesia, it will be difficult for other countries to re-colonize
the area of West Papua despite a lot of indigenous Papuans and other countries
support the separation of Papua from Indonesia.
Papua
also is a region for economic potential in Indonesia. Natural Resources (SDA) is so abundant. Call it
gold, tin, and
copper. Natural resource also sprawl sea waters.
Besides that, discovered a
cave that is claim
to be the deepest cave in the
world by the
French expedition team speologi
Lina Mountains region,
Kampung Irameba, Anggi
district, Manokwari. This cave is estimated to reach a depth of 2000
meters. The mountainous
region of West Papua still mystery natural
resources need to be revealed. Not
only that, agriculture, tourism, and forest
products is also a potential for
Papua. It was supposed to make
this wealth Papua
affluent area. Instead
prosperous, just bite
the fingers of the Papuan people. Natural resources and territory exploited by foreign
capitalists.
They want to benefit from the natural wealth that is so
very promising. Often seen are people of Papua did not share the natural
resources of the earth are his birth, due to limited human resources and
greater access.
Before 1945, many countries were invaded West Papua only to drain wealth
and resources in the region, one of the really does not want Papua region
become a part of NKRI is Netherland. Since
1828-1848, The Dutch already stayed in West Papua, the Dutch not only expand
its territory, but they also searched the gold islands, which have a strong
desire to dominate the West Papua into its territory, then the Dutch use the
name of Netherland became part of the Dutch kingdom with Antilen the
Netherlands and Suriname. In,
1661, The
Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) recognises the sultan of Tidore’s (nominal)
sovereignty over the island of New Guinea and thus gains the rights to collect
labour and forest products from West New Guinea.
The Dutch
maintains West Papua because it turns on when
the Dutch was
held exploration and research of natural resources in New Guinea and managed
to find the fact that in New Guinea there are gold and uranium
mines in the world (now called Freeport which
is a foreign-owned Dutch company) that will not in
the dug-out for 100 years.
In other words, if
West Papua independence and separated from NKRI, the invaders countries would
back and West Papua become their ‘boneka’ again (as said Soekarno), and the
wealth of Papua would be exhausted. So, as Indonesian citizens, let us retain
West Papua to remain a part of Indonesia, because Papua is our unity and
do not let other
countries undermine
the prosperity of West
Papua region.
Conclusion
In conclusion, therefore here
will be shared little
information about maintain of West Papua in united of Indonesia.
In the history, West Papua is united of Republic of Indonesia, but
because of many country want to control of the region, they affect
the territory of Papua for independence and secede
from Indonesia. History is
asset and an excellent indicator of things to come, so if Papua movement,
history will be meaningless. West Papua
will not become truly independence if separated from Indonesia
because West Papua will become the small country. Then it is very
easy to other countries to colonizes, dredge and oppress the people of
Papua. Besides that, West Papua
is a region for economic
potential in Indonesia. Natural
Resources (SDA) is so abundant, so do not let the abundant wealth
seized by other countries.
References
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